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NEET CRASH COURSE PAPER -15 | Excretory Products and Elimination
1 . Concentration of urine depends upon which organ ?
( a ) Bowman's capsule
( b ) length of Henle's loop
( c ) P.C.T.
( d ) network of capillaries arising from glomerulus .
2 . The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
( a ) 50 mm Hg
( b ) 75 mm Hg
( c ) 20 mm Hg
( d ) 30 mm Hg .
3. RAAS secretes which of the following hormone ?
( a ) mineralocorticoids
( b ) glucocorticoids
( c ) both ( a ) and ( b )
( d ) none of these
4 . A healthy person will not excrete in its urine
( a ) creatine
( b ) uric acid
( c ) glucose
( d ) Vitamin B complex .
5. The area cribrosa occurs at
( a ) base of medullary pyramid
( b ) tip of medullary pyramid
( c ) the major calyx
( d ) the pelvis
6. The presence of arginase confirms that
( a ) citrulline is converted into arginine
( b ) urea cycle may be operating
( c ) arginine is being converted into ornithine
( d ) arginine is being converted into citrulline
7. Which of the following influences the activity of kidney ?
( a ) gonadotrophins
( b ) vasopressin
( c ) vasopressin and adrenaline
( d ) thyroxine
8. Accessory excretory organs of man are
( a ) only skin
( b ) only skin and liver
( c ) only skin and lungs
( d ) skin , lungs , liver and intestine
9. In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated ?
( a ) Humans - kidneys , sebaceous glands and tear glands
( b ) Earthworm- pharyngeal , integumentary and septal nephridia
( c ) Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
( d ) Frog - - kidneys , skin and buccal epithelium
10. Maintenance of body potassium levels is primarily by tubular
( a ) absorption in PCT
( b ) secretion in DCT and / or cortical collecting duct
( c ) absorption in DCT
( d ) secretion in PCT
11. Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to
( a ) powerful pumping action of the heart
( b ) secretion of adrenaline
( c ) afferent arteriole is slightly larger than efferent arteriole
( d ) vacuum develops in proximal convoluted tubule and sucks the blood .
12. The basic functional unit of human kidney is
( a ) nephron
( b ) nephridia
( c ) pyramid
( d ) Henle's loop
13. Urinary bladder opens to exterior through
( a ) ureter
( b ) urethra
( c ) nephron
( d ) glomerulus .
14. Which one of the following is not a test for renal function ?
( a ) Rate of glomerular filtration
( b ) Renal plasma flow
( c ) Filtration fractions
( d ) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
15. Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by
( a ) juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells
( b ) macula densa cells
( c ) endothelial cells ( cells lining the blood vessels )
( d ) liver cells .
16. If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron , which one of the following is to be expected ?
( a ) There will be no urine formation
( b ) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
( c ) The urine will be more concentrated
( d ) The urine will be more dilute
17. Glomerular filtrate consists of
( a ) all the consituents of blood
( b ) all the constituents of blood except blood cells
( c ) all the constituents of blood except blood cells and proteins
( d ) excess water , waste products and toxic substance.
18. Dialysis is done in the condition when person is suffering from
( a ) renal calculi
( b ) uremia
( c ) polyurea
( d ) glycosuria
19. Mark the wrong match .
( a ) Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filteration
( b ) DCT - Reabsorption of glucose
( c ) Henle's loop - Concentration of urine
( d ) PCT - Absorption of Na + and K + ions
20. Which one is correct sequence of urine formation ?
( a ) Secretion , reabsorption , filtration
( b ) Filtration , reabsorption , secretion
( c ) Reabsorption , filtration , secretion
( d ) Reabsorption , secretion , filtration .
21. Which of the following amino acids is present in ornithine cycle ?
( a ) Valine and cystine
( b ) Glycine and methionine
( c ) Arginine and citrulline
( d ) None of the above
22. If one litre of water is introduced in human blood , then
( a ) BMR increases
( b ) Urine production increases
( c ) Urine production decreases
( d ) BMR decreases .
23. In the presence of vasopressin , the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in
( a ) loop of Henle
( b ) proximal convoluted tubule
( c ) only descending limb of loop of Henle
( d ) collecting duct .
24. For the formation of urea which one of the following is required alongwith ammonia ?
( a ) arginase , CO₂ and O₂
( b ) arginase , CO₂ and water
( c ) asparate , CO₂ and water
( d ) asparate , CO₂ and O₂
25. When 2 to 3 drops of Benedict's reagent are added to a urine sample and heated gently , it turns yellow .
This colour change indicates that
( a ) urine contains 2 % glucose
( b ) urine contains 0.5 % glucose
( c ) urine contains 1.5 % glucose
( d ) urine contains 1 % glucose .
26. A man takes large amount of proteins . He is likely to excrete a greater amount of
( a ) urea
( b ) uric acid
( c ) sugar
( d ) none of these .
27. Blood leaving liver and moving to heart will have more concentration of
( a ) bile
( b ) urea
( c ) glycogen
( d ) amino acid
28. The characteristic that is shared by urea , uric acid and ammonia is / are
A. They are nitrogenous wastes .
B. They all need very large amount of water for excretion .
C. They are all equally toxic .
D. They are produced in the kidneys .
( a ) A, C and D
( b ) A only
( c ) A and C
( d ) A and D
29. Which is not correct with respect to human kidney ?
( a ) The peripheral region is called cortex and central medulla .
( b ) Malpighian capsule is present in the cortex region .
( c ) Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles .
( d ) The concave part of kidney is called hilus .
30. Vasopressin released from the neurohypophysis is mainly responsible for
( a ) facultative reabsorption of water through Henle's loop
( b ) obligatory reabsorption of water through Bowman's capsule
( c ) facultative reabsorption of water through DCT
( d ) obligatory reabsorption of water through PCT
31. Which of the following statements is correct ?
( a ) Malpighian corpuscles + glomerulus constitute the Bowman's capsule
( b ) Renal corpuscle + glomerulus constitute Malpighian corpuscle
( c ) Bowman's corpuscles + Malpighian tubules constitute the glomerulus
( d ) Bowman's capsule + glomerulus together constitute renal corpuscle .
32. The vessel carrying waste laden blood to the Bowman's capsule is known as
( a ) afferent arteriole
( b ) renal vein
( c ) renal artery
( d ) both ( a ) and ( b )
33. Renal calculi are formed due to
( a ) accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals
( b ) clotting of blood
( c ) presence of hard particles in food
( d ) all of the above .
34. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised
( a ) in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
( b ) in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
( c ) in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
( d ) in the liver , but eliminated mostly through kidneys
35. The average quantity of urea excreted in urine by man per day is
( a ) 1-5 gm
( b ) 25-30 gm
( c ) 1-1.5 litres
( d ) 80 gm .
36. Compare the statements A and B.
Statement A : When the urine moves through the descending limb , it become hypertonic and as it passes through the ascending limb of Henle's loop it becomes hypotonic .
Statement B : The descending limb is permeable to sodium ions , while the ascending limb is impermeable to sodium ions .
( a ) statement A is correct and B is wrong
( b ) statement A is wrong and B is correct
( c ) both statements A and B are wrong
( d ) both statements A and B are correct .
37. Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron ?
( a ) Podocytes : create minute spaces ( slit pores ) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule .
( b ) Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate .
( c ) Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K ions into the surrounding blood capillaries .
( d ) Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein .
38. Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation ?
( a ) When someone drinks lot of water , ADH release is suppressed
( b ) Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
( c ) An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II
( d ) During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation , the release of ADH is suppressed .
39. A fall in glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) activates
( a ) juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
( b ) adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
( c ) adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
( d ) posterior pituitary to release vasopressin .
40. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of
( a ) juxtaglomerular cell , macula densa and lacis cell
( b ) juxtaglomerular cell , Purkinje cell and chief cell
( c ) juxtaglomerular cell , lacis cell and myoepithelial cell
( d ) juxtaglomerular cell , macula densa and argentaffin cell .
41. Which one of the following is correct for a normal human ?
( a ) pH of urine is around 8 .
( b ) On an average , 25-30 mg of urea is excreted via urine .
( c ) Presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus .
( d ) Glycosuria can be treated with hemodialysis .
42. The part of a nephron which opens into the collecting duct is / are
( a ) DCT
( b ) DCT and PCT
( c ) Henle's loop
( d ) glomerulus
43. The peritubular capillaries of the nephron arise from the
( a ) afferent arteriole
( b ) efferent arteriole
( c ) renal artery
( d ) arcuate artery .
44. In which part of nephron , reabsorption of glucose is maximum from filtrate ? ( a ) Henle's loop
( b ) Proximal convoluted tubule
( c ) Distal convoluted tubule
( d ) Collecting duct
45. Which of the following statements is false ?
( a ) ADH helps in water elimination making urine hypotonic
( b ) Protein free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule
( c ) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
( d ) Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine
( a ) Bowman's capsule
( b ) length of Henle's loop
( c ) P.C.T.
( d ) network of capillaries arising from glomerulus .
2 . The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is
( a ) 50 mm Hg
( b ) 75 mm Hg
( c ) 20 mm Hg
( d ) 30 mm Hg .
3. RAAS secretes which of the following hormone ?
( a ) mineralocorticoids
( b ) glucocorticoids
( c ) both ( a ) and ( b )
( d ) none of these
4 . A healthy person will not excrete in its urine
( a ) creatine
( b ) uric acid
( c ) glucose
( d ) Vitamin B complex .
5. The area cribrosa occurs at
( a ) base of medullary pyramid
( b ) tip of medullary pyramid
( c ) the major calyx
( d ) the pelvis
6. The presence of arginase confirms that
( a ) citrulline is converted into arginine
( b ) urea cycle may be operating
( c ) arginine is being converted into ornithine
( d ) arginine is being converted into citrulline
7. Which of the following influences the activity of kidney ?
( a ) gonadotrophins
( b ) vasopressin
( c ) vasopressin and adrenaline
( d ) thyroxine
8. Accessory excretory organs of man are
( a ) only skin
( b ) only skin and liver
( c ) only skin and lungs
( d ) skin , lungs , liver and intestine
9. In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated ?
( a ) Humans - kidneys , sebaceous glands and tear glands
( b ) Earthworm- pharyngeal , integumentary and septal nephridia
( c ) Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
( d ) Frog - - kidneys , skin and buccal epithelium
10. Maintenance of body potassium levels is primarily by tubular
( a ) absorption in PCT
( b ) secretion in DCT and / or cortical collecting duct
( c ) absorption in DCT
( d ) secretion in PCT
11. Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to
( a ) powerful pumping action of the heart
( b ) secretion of adrenaline
( c ) afferent arteriole is slightly larger than efferent arteriole
( d ) vacuum develops in proximal convoluted tubule and sucks the blood .
12. The basic functional unit of human kidney is
( a ) nephron
( b ) nephridia
( c ) pyramid
( d ) Henle's loop
13. Urinary bladder opens to exterior through
( a ) ureter
( b ) urethra
( c ) nephron
( d ) glomerulus .
14. Which one of the following is not a test for renal function ?
( a ) Rate of glomerular filtration
( b ) Renal plasma flow
( c ) Filtration fractions
( d ) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
15. Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by
( a ) juxtaglomerular ( JG ) cells
( b ) macula densa cells
( c ) endothelial cells ( cells lining the blood vessels )
( d ) liver cells .
16. If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron , which one of the following is to be expected ?
( a ) There will be no urine formation
( b ) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
( c ) The urine will be more concentrated
( d ) The urine will be more dilute
17. Glomerular filtrate consists of
( a ) all the consituents of blood
( b ) all the constituents of blood except blood cells
( c ) all the constituents of blood except blood cells and proteins
( d ) excess water , waste products and toxic substance.
18. Dialysis is done in the condition when person is suffering from
( a ) renal calculi
( b ) uremia
( c ) polyurea
( d ) glycosuria
19. Mark the wrong match .
( a ) Bowman's capsule - Glomerular filteration
( b ) DCT - Reabsorption of glucose
( c ) Henle's loop - Concentration of urine
( d ) PCT - Absorption of Na + and K + ions
20. Which one is correct sequence of urine formation ?
( a ) Secretion , reabsorption , filtration
( b ) Filtration , reabsorption , secretion
( c ) Reabsorption , filtration , secretion
( d ) Reabsorption , secretion , filtration .
21. Which of the following amino acids is present in ornithine cycle ?
( a ) Valine and cystine
( b ) Glycine and methionine
( c ) Arginine and citrulline
( d ) None of the above
22. If one litre of water is introduced in human blood , then
( a ) BMR increases
( b ) Urine production increases
( c ) Urine production decreases
( d ) BMR decreases .
23. In the presence of vasopressin , the greatest fraction of filtered water is absorbed in
( a ) loop of Henle
( b ) proximal convoluted tubule
( c ) only descending limb of loop of Henle
( d ) collecting duct .
24. For the formation of urea which one of the following is required alongwith ammonia ?
( a ) arginase , CO₂ and O₂
( b ) arginase , CO₂ and water
( c ) asparate , CO₂ and water
( d ) asparate , CO₂ and O₂
25. When 2 to 3 drops of Benedict's reagent are added to a urine sample and heated gently , it turns yellow .
This colour change indicates that
( a ) urine contains 2 % glucose
( b ) urine contains 0.5 % glucose
( c ) urine contains 1.5 % glucose
( d ) urine contains 1 % glucose .
26. A man takes large amount of proteins . He is likely to excrete a greater amount of
( a ) urea
( b ) uric acid
( c ) sugar
( d ) none of these .
27. Blood leaving liver and moving to heart will have more concentration of
( a ) bile
( b ) urea
( c ) glycogen
( d ) amino acid
28. The characteristic that is shared by urea , uric acid and ammonia is / are
A. They are nitrogenous wastes .
B. They all need very large amount of water for excretion .
C. They are all equally toxic .
D. They are produced in the kidneys .
( a ) A, C and D
( b ) A only
( c ) A and C
( d ) A and D
29. Which is not correct with respect to human kidney ?
( a ) The peripheral region is called cortex and central medulla .
( b ) Malpighian capsule is present in the cortex region .
( c ) Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles .
( d ) The concave part of kidney is called hilus .
30. Vasopressin released from the neurohypophysis is mainly responsible for
( a ) facultative reabsorption of water through Henle's loop
( b ) obligatory reabsorption of water through Bowman's capsule
( c ) facultative reabsorption of water through DCT
( d ) obligatory reabsorption of water through PCT
31. Which of the following statements is correct ?
( a ) Malpighian corpuscles + glomerulus constitute the Bowman's capsule
( b ) Renal corpuscle + glomerulus constitute Malpighian corpuscle
( c ) Bowman's corpuscles + Malpighian tubules constitute the glomerulus
( d ) Bowman's capsule + glomerulus together constitute renal corpuscle .
32. The vessel carrying waste laden blood to the Bowman's capsule is known as
( a ) afferent arteriole
( b ) renal vein
( c ) renal artery
( d ) both ( a ) and ( b )
33. Renal calculi are formed due to
( a ) accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals
( b ) clotting of blood
( c ) presence of hard particles in food
( d ) all of the above .
34. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised
( a ) in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
( b ) in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
( c ) in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
( d ) in the liver , but eliminated mostly through kidneys
35. The average quantity of urea excreted in urine by man per day is
( a ) 1-5 gm
( b ) 25-30 gm
( c ) 1-1.5 litres
( d ) 80 gm .
36. Compare the statements A and B.
Statement A : When the urine moves through the descending limb , it become hypertonic and as it passes through the ascending limb of Henle's loop it becomes hypotonic .
Statement B : The descending limb is permeable to sodium ions , while the ascending limb is impermeable to sodium ions .
( a ) statement A is correct and B is wrong
( b ) statement A is wrong and B is correct
( c ) both statements A and B are wrong
( d ) both statements A and B are correct .
37. Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron ?
( a ) Podocytes : create minute spaces ( slit pores ) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule .
( b ) Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate .
( c ) Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K ions into the surrounding blood capillaries .
( d ) Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein .
38. Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation ?
( a ) When someone drinks lot of water , ADH release is suppressed
( b ) Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
( c ) An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II
( d ) During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation , the release of ADH is suppressed .
39. A fall in glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) activates
( a ) juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
( b ) adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
( c ) adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
( d ) posterior pituitary to release vasopressin .
40. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of
( a ) juxtaglomerular cell , macula densa and lacis cell
( b ) juxtaglomerular cell , Purkinje cell and chief cell
( c ) juxtaglomerular cell , lacis cell and myoepithelial cell
( d ) juxtaglomerular cell , macula densa and argentaffin cell .
41. Which one of the following is correct for a normal human ?
( a ) pH of urine is around 8 .
( b ) On an average , 25-30 mg of urea is excreted via urine .
( c ) Presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus .
( d ) Glycosuria can be treated with hemodialysis .
42. The part of a nephron which opens into the collecting duct is / are
( a ) DCT
( b ) DCT and PCT
( c ) Henle's loop
( d ) glomerulus
43. The peritubular capillaries of the nephron arise from the
( a ) afferent arteriole
( b ) efferent arteriole
( c ) renal artery
( d ) arcuate artery .
44. In which part of nephron , reabsorption of glucose is maximum from filtrate ? ( a ) Henle's loop
( b ) Proximal convoluted tubule
( c ) Distal convoluted tubule
( d ) Collecting duct
45. Which of the following statements is false ?
( a ) ADH helps in water elimination making urine hypotonic
( b ) Protein free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule
( c ) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
( d ) Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine
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Ans key
1. B, 2.C, 3.A, 4.C, 5.C, 6.C, 7.C, 8.D, 9.B, 10.B, 11.C, 12.A, 13.B, 14.D 15.D, 16.D, 17.C, 18.B, 19.B, 20.B, 21.C, 22.B, 23.D, 24.B, 25.D, 26.A, 27.B, 28.B, 29.C, 30.C, 31.D, 32.A, 33.A, 34.D, 35.B, 36.A, 37.A, 38.A, 39.A, 40.A, 41.C, 42.A, 43.B, 44.B, 45.A
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