Standard 11|Plant Kingdom | Liverworts | Short Note For NEET BIOLOGY

 

Chapter 3: Plant kingdom

Plant Kingdom | Liverworts| Short Note For NEET BIOLOGY| standard 11

Note 7

Liverworts 

> Other name is - hepaticopside (extra information)

> Reason for such name related to liver- microscopic structure of plant shows liver histological structure (extra information)

> Habitat: 

--> moist, shady places

--> banks of streams

--> marshy (કીચડ/कीचड़) ground

--> damp soil

--> bark of trees

--> deep in forests (deep in woods in ncert doesn't mean it grown deep inside wood, but woods is synonymous to dense forest)

> Plant body:

--> it is of 2 types

----> 1) thalloid - eg. Marchantia

Dorsal part of thallus body (with gamma cups)

Ventral part of thallus body

--------> thallus body is dorsiventral (dorsal and ventral part of the body are different)

--------> dorsal(front) part generally has scale like structure

-------> ventral (back) part has small septa (line) like structure 

--------> thallus body remains in close proximity to the substrate (almost like stuck on ground)

--------> thallus is generally branched

 

----> 2) leafy - eg. Lophocolea

Leafy Liverworts

--------> stem like structure is seen 

--------> on stem like structure- tiny leaf like appendeges in two rows 

--------> remember: no true stem or leaf is present here, they are leaf like or stem like structures without structures like xylem, phloem 

> Reproduction:

--> Asexual reproduction

---> 1) by fragmentation

---> 2) by formation of specialized structures gammae.

---> Gamma Cups:

-----> small recepticles present on thalli

-----> small buds develop inside it - called as gamma / gammae 

---> Gammae:

-----> green, multicellular, asexual buds 

-----> develop inside gamma cups

-----> detach from parental body and germinate and form new individuals

--> Sexual reproduction:

----> male sex organs (anthridium) and female sex organs (archegonium) are seen

----> both sex organs can produced be on same thalli - Monoecious - Riccia

----> both sex organs can be produced on different thalli - dioeciuos - Marchantia

----> male and female gametes fuse in presence of water and produce zygote. It further develops into sporophyte.

----> sporophyte: differntiated into foot(this attaches sporophyte to the gametophyte), seta (stalk like structure) and capsule (spore producing)

----> spores are produced in capsule- germinate and form gametophyte (free- living)

Happy learning!

Thank you for reading!

Manish Mevada

Urvi Bhanushali