Evolution - Hardy Weinberg principal and Human Evolution | NCERT   Neet Concept | Biology

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HARDY - WEINBERG PRINCIPLE

• It was proposed by G.H.Hardy and W.Weinberg in 1908. It describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change .
• The Hardy - Weinberg Principle states that " the relative frequencies of various kinds of genes and their alleles in a large and randomly mating sexual panmictic population tend to remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of mutation , selection and gene flow . " This is called genetic equilibrium .
• In a population at equilibrium , for a locus with two alleles D and d , having frequencies of p and q respectively , the genotype frequencies are : DD = p² , Dd = 2pq and dd = q² .
• The allele frequency is p + q = 1 and genotype frequency is p² + 2pq + q² = 1 where ,
• p = Frequency of the dominant allele in the population .
• q = Frequency of the recessive allele in the population .
• p² = Percentage of homozygous dominant individual .
• q² = Percentage of homozygous recessive individual .
• 2pq = Percentage of heterozygous individuals .
• 1 = Sum total of all allelic frequencies .
• The gene frequency will remain static only in the absence of evolutionary forces like mutation , gene flow , selection pressure , genetic drift , recombination and migration .
• Prokaryotes originated in archaeozoic era , that slowly became eukaryotes .

Brief Account Of Evolution

Human Evolution

• The emergence of Homo sapiens , as a distinct species from other hominids , apes and placental mammals is called anthropogenesis or hominisation .

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MANISH MEVADA

M.Sc, M.Phil, B.Ed

GUJARAT BIOLOGY NEET

NEET MATERIAL IN GUJARATI 

KNOWLEDGE ON THE WAY.