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NEET CRASH COURSE PAPER -13 | Breathing and Exchange of gases
1. The respiratory centre , which regulates respiration , is located in
( a ) cerebellum
( b ) medulla oblongata
( c ) cerebral peduncle
( d ) the vagus nerve .
( a ) cerebellum
( b ) medulla oblongata
( c ) cerebral peduncle
( d ) the vagus nerve .
2. The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals is / are governed by
( a ) muscular walls of lung
( b ) diaphragm
( c ) intercostal muscles
( d ) both ' b ' and ' c ' .
3. During rest , the metabolic needs of the body are at their minimum . Which of the following is indicative of this situation ?
( a ) Rate of breating
( b ) O₂ intake and CO₂ output
( c ) Pulse rate
( d ) All of these .
4. During inspiration , the diaphragm
( a ) expands
( b ) shows no change
( c ) contracts and flattens
( d ) relaxes to become dome - shaped .
5. The cells of respiratory tract that secrete mucus are
( a ) goblet cells
( b ) Kupffer cells
( c ) oxyntic cells
( d ) all of these .
6. Although much CO₂ is carried in blood , yet blood does not become acidic because
( a ) CO₂ is continuously diffused through the tissues and is not allowed to accumulate
( b ) CO₂ combines with water to form H₂CO3 which is neutralised by Na₂CO3
( c ) in CO₂ transport , blood buffers play an important role
( d ) CO₂ is absorbed by leucocytes .
7 . In lungs , the air is separated from the venous blood through
( a ) transitional epithelium + tunica external blood vessel
( b ) squamous epithelium + endothelium of blood vessel
( c ) squamous epithelium + tunica media blood vessel
( d ) none of these .
8 . Which one of the following statements is incorrect ?
( a ) The principle of countercurrent flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes .
( b ) The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals .
( c ) The presence of non - respiratory air sacs , increases the efficiency of respiration in birds .
( d ) In insects , circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues .
9. Chloride shift occurs in respond to
( a ) H +
( b ) K +
( c ) HCO3
( d ) Na+ .
10. About 1000 mL of air is always known to remain inside the human lungs . It is described as
( a ) inspiratory reserve volume
( b ) expiratory reserve volume
( c ) residual volume
( d ) tidal volume .
11. Identify the correct statement with reference to transport of respiratory gases by blood ?
( a ) Haemoglobin is necessary for transport of carbon dioxide and carbonic anhydrase for transport of oxygen .
( b ) Haemoglobin is necessary for transport of oxygen and carbonic anhydrase for transport of carbon dioxide .
( c ) Only oxygen is transported by blood .
( d ) Only carbon dioxide is transported by blood .
12. R.Q. is infinite in
( a ) aerobic respiration
( b ) anaerobic respiration
( c ) carbohydrates
( d ) none of these .
13. Listed below are four respiratory capacities ( i - iv ) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult
( Respiratory capacities ) ( Respiratory volumes )
( i ) Residual volume 2500 mL
( ii ) Vital capacity 3500 mL
( iii ) Inspiratory reserve volume 1200 mL
( iv ) Inspiratoy capacity 4500 mL
Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes ?
( a ) ( ii ) 2500 mL , ( iii ) 4500 mL
( b ) ( iii ) 1200 mL , ( iv ) 2500 mL
( c ) ( iv ) 3500 mL , ( i ) 1200 mL
( d ) ( i ) 4500 mL , ( ii ) 3500 mL .
14. According to Boyle's law , the product of pressure and volume is a constant . Hence ,
( a ) if volume of lungs is increased , the pressure decreases proportionately
( b ) if volume of lungs is increased , the pressure also increases proportionately
( c ) if volume of lungs is increased , the pressure decreases disproportionately
( d ) if volume of lungs is increased , the pressure remains the same .
15. When the blood contains a high percentage of CO₂ and a very low percentage of O₂ the breathing stops and the person becomes unconscious . This condition is known as
( a ) suffocation
( b ) asphyxia
( c ) emphysema
( d ) eupnea .
16. The figure given below shows a small part of human lung where exchange of gases takes place . Select the option which represents labelled part ( A , B , C or D ) correctly identified along with its function .
( a ) C : arterial capillary - passes oxygen to tissues
( b ) A : alveolar cavity - main site of exchange of respiratory gases
( c ) D : capillary wall - exchange of O₂ and CO₂ takes place here
( d ) B : red blood cells - transport of CO₂ mainly .
17. Following are few characters of a disorder in human body .
( I ) Inflammation of the mucous membrane of nasal passage .
( II ) Watery secretions by mucous glands .
( III ) Continuous sneezing .
( IV ) Eye watering .
( V ) Rise in body temperature .
Identify the disorder from the choices given below .
( a ) Bronchial asthma
( b ) Rhinitis
( c ) Bronchial carcinoma
( d ) Emphysema
18. The factor which does not affect the rate of alveolar diffusion is
( a ) solubility of gases
( b ) thickness of the membranes
( c ) pressure gradient
( d ) reactivity of the gases .
19. In humans , which among these is not a step in respiration ?
( a ) Pulmonary ventilation .
( b ) Utilisation of CO₂ by cells for catabolic reactions .
( c ) Transport of gases by blood .
( d ) Diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ between blood and tissues .
20. Vital capacity is
( a ) TV + IRV
( b ) TV + ERV
( c ) RV + ERV
( d ) TV + IRV + ERV .
21. Increase in body temperature makes oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve
( a ) shift to left
( b ) shift to right
( d ) parabolic .
( c ) hyperbolic
22. The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A , B , C and D. Select the option which gives correct identification and main function and / or characteristic
( a ) C - Alveoli Thin walled vascular bag like structures for exchange of gases .
( b ) D- Lower end of lungs- Diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration .
( c ) A - Trachea - Long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air .
( d ) B - Pleural membrane - Surrounds ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing .
23. The inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume is the same as
( a ) inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume
( b ) total lung capacity - functional residual capacity
( c ) inspiratory capacity + functional residual capacity
( d ) inspiratory capacity + residual volume .
24. Tidal air in mammalian lungs is
( a ) air that normally goes in and out of lungs during breathing
( b ) total maximum air that can be drawn into lungs
( c ) air that is left in the lungs after normal expiration
( d ) air that can be expelled out from lungs forcibly after normal expiration .
25. The largest quantity of air that can be expired , after maximal inspiration effort , is called
( a ) tidal volume
( b ) residual volume
( c ) vital capacity
( d ) total lung volume
26. The amount of O₂ transported in a dissolved state through plasma is approximately
( a ) 97 %
( b ) 3 %
( c ) 7 %
( d ) 49 % .
27. The respiratory quotient ( R.Q. ) or respiratory ratio is
( a ) R.Q. = . volume of O2 evolved / volume of CO2 consumed
( b ) R.Q. = . volume of O₂ consumed / volume of CO₂ evolved
( c ) R.Q. = . volume of CO₂ consumed / volume of O₂ evolved
( d ) R.Q . = volume of CO₂ evolved / volume of O₂ consumed
28. Match the disorders given in column I with symptoms under column II . Choose the answer which gives the correct combination of alphabets with numbers .
Column I Column II
A. Asthma 1 . Inflammation of nasal tract
B. Bronchitis 2. Spasm of tracheal muscle
C. Rhinitis 3 . Fully blown out alveoli
D. Emphysema 4. Inflammation of bronchi
5 . Cough with blood strained sputum
( a ) A = 4 , B = 2 , C = 5 , D = 1
( b ) A = 5 , B = 3 , C = 2 , D = 1
( c ) A = 3 , B = 1 , C = 5 , D = 4
( d ) A = 2 , B = 4 , C = 1 , D = 3
29. During CO₂ transport , HCO3 diffuses from erythrocytes to plasma and in turn upsets the ionic equilibrium momentarily . In order to keep the ionic balance , an equal number of C1 ions pass into the erythrocytes from plasma . This process is known as
( a ) Hamburger phenomenon
( b ) bicarbonate shift
( c ) transport rate
( d ) carbonation .
30. Which of the following match is correct ?
( a ) Emphysema : reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi
( b ) Pneumonia : occupational disease with asbestos
( c ) Silicosis : inflammation of alveoli
( d ) Asthma : excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
31. Chemosensitive area of respiratory centre in medulla is affected by
( a ) less CO₂ and H + ions
( b ) less O₂ and H + ions
( c ) excess CO₂ and H + ions
( d ) excess O₂ and H + ions .
32. Statement A : Many visitors to the hills suffer from skin and respiratory allergy problems . Statement B : Conifer trees produce a large quantity of wind - borne pollen grains .
( a ) Both the statements are correct and statement B is correct explanation of statement A.
( b ) Both the statements are correct but statement B is not the correct explanation of statement A.
( c ) Statement A is correct but statement B is incorrect .
( d ) Both the statements A and B are incorrect .
33. Choose the most appropriate combination of components of respiratory membrane , from the following .
( a ) Alveolar wall and ducts
( b ) Inner and outer pleural membranes and pleural fluid
( c ) Membranes of alveolar ducts and capillaries
( d ) Alveolar wall , alveolar capillary and interstitial space
34. Which of the following problems leads to respiratory acidosis ?
( a ) Hypercapnia
( b ) Asphyxia
( c ) Hypocapnia
( d ) Hypoxia
35. A person with the normal tidal volume has a respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute . What will be the total tidal respiratory volume per minute ?
( a ) 3800 mL / min
( b ) 7000 mL / min
( c ) 14000 mL / min
( d ) 1300 mL / min
36. Carbonic anhydrase is found in
( a ) eosinophils
( b ) lymphocytes
( c ) erythrocytes
( d ) platelets .
37. Between breaths , the intrapleural pressure is approximately mmHg less than atmospheric - pressure .
( a ) 1
( b ) 4
( c ) 8
( d ) 10
38. When CO₂ concentration in blood increases breathing becomes
( a ) shallower and slow
( b ) there is no effect on breathing
( c ) slow and deep
( d ) faster and deeper .
39. End product of anaerobic respiration in humans
( a ) lactic acid
( b ) ethyl alcohol
( c ) ethyl alcohol + CO₂
( d ) lactic acid + CO₂ .
40. Haemoglobin - oxygen dissociation curve is
( a ) sigmoid
( b ) constant
( c ) straight line
( d ) parabolic
41. The volume of ' anatomical dead space ' air is normally
( a ) 230 mL
( b ) 210 mL
( c ) 190 mL
( d ) 150 mL .
42. Bulk of carbon dioxide ( CO₂ ) released from body tissues into the blood is present as
( a ) bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs
( b ) free CO₂ in blood plasma
( c ) 70 % carbamino - haemoglobin and 30 % as bicarbonate
( d ) carbamino - haemoglobin in RBCs .
43. A large proportion of oxygen remains unused in the human blood even after its uptake by the body tissues . This O₂
( a ) acts as a reserve during muscular exercise
( b ) raises the pCO₂ of blood to 75 mm of Hg .
( c ) is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at 96 %
( d ) helps in releasing more O₂ to the epithelial tissues .
44. Alveoli increases the surface area by
( a ) 10 m²
( b ) 70 m²
( c ) 150 m²
( d ) 200 m²
45. What is called insufficiency of O₂ ?
( a ) Hypoxia
( b ) Xerosis
( c ) Angina
( d ) Cough
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Ans key
1. B, 2.D, 3.D, 4.C, 5.A, 6.C, 7.B, 8.D, 9.C, 10.C, 11.B, 12.B, 13.C, 14.A 15.B, 16.B, 17.B, 18.D, 19.B, 20.D, 21.B, 22.A, 23.A, 24.A, 25.C, 26.B, 27.D, 28.D, 29.A, 30.A, 31.C, 32.A, 33.D, 34.A, 35.B, 36.C, 37.B, 38.D, 39.D, 40.A, 41.D, 42.A, 43.A, 44.B, 45.A
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