Fruit | Note 5 |standard 11| morphology of flowering plants | notes | NCERT| Biology

Standard 11 

Morphology of flowering plants

Morphology of flowering plants| Fruit | NCERT short note| Best biology short note | standard 11

Note 5

Fruit

The fruit - characteristic feature of the flowering plants. 

mature or ripened ovary

developed after fertilisation. 

If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of the ovary, it is called a parthenocarpic fruit. Example: banana.

Parts of fruit: 

Generally, the fruit consists of a wall or pericarp and seeds.

The pericarp may be dry or fleshy. 

When pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated into 

1. the outer epicarp, 
2. the middle mesocarp and 
3. the inner endocarp.

In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as a drupe. 

Drupe- it is a type of fruit. 

They develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries.

Monocarpellary - flower has one single carpel in Gynoecium

Superior ovary - Hypogynous flower

They are one seeded. 

In mango the pericarp is well differentiated into 

• an outer thin epicarp, 
• a middle fleshy edible mesocarp and 
• an inner stony hard endocarp. 

In coconut which is also a drupe,

Outer layer - endocarp is skin of fresh coconut  - generally green colored

the mesocarp is fibrous

Endocarp is the inner thick stony part of fruit

White layer of coconut or the coconut water should not be mistaken for endocarp 

Go to the link below for the explanation video!! 

https://youtu.be/PO0nDMtYXmc?si=VK_tw1-7b67KQhfc

If you have any doubts, please comment below.

Thank you for reading!

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Manish Mevada 

Urvi Bhanushali