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NEET CRASH COURSE PAPER -6 | Cell & Structural Components 

1 . Consider the following statements and select the correct ones .
( A ) The endomembrane system includes plasma membrane , ER , Golgi complex , lysosomes and vacuoles .
( B ) ER helps in the transport of substances , synthesis of proteins and lipids .
( C ) Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
( D ) Mitochondria help in oxidative phosphorylation and generation of ATP .
( a ) A and B only
( b ) B and C only
( c ) B , C and D only
( d ) A , B , C and D

2. Read the given statements .
( i ) Centromere is present in the middle of the chromosome and forms two equal arms .
( ii ) Chromosome has a terminal centromere .
( iii ) Centromere lies close to the end of the chromosome forming one extremely short and one very long arm .
( iv ) Centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm .
Select the correct option as per the codes given above .
      Meta - centric       Submeta- centric          Acro - centric             Telo - centric 
( a )     ( i )                           ( iv )                             ( iii )                              ( ii )
( b )     ( i )                            ( ii )                             ( iii )                              ( iv )
( c )     ( iv )                           ( i )                              ( iii )                             ( ii )
( d )     ( iv )                          ( ii )                              ( iii )                              ( i )

૩ . Select the incorrect statement regarding the plasma membrane .
( a ) Ratio of proteins and lipids varies considerably in different cell types .
( b ) 52 % proteins and 40 % lipids constitute the membrane of human RBC .
( c ) Arrangement of proteins ( P ) and Lipids ( L ) is L - P - P - L .
( d ) Head of lipid molecule is hydrophilic .

4 . Which one of the following graphs shows the relationship between the rate of an enzymatic reaction ( or reaction velocity , V ) and substrate concentration (S)?

5 . Identify the components labelled A , B , C and D in the diagram below , match them from the list ( i ) to ( viii ) given along with and select the correct option .

( i ) Cristae of mitochondria
( ii ) Inner membrane of mitochondria
( iii ) Cytoplasm
( iv ) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
( v ) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
( vi ) Mitochondrial matrix
( vii ) Cell vacuole
( viii ) Nucleus
            A    B       C       D
( a )  ( v ) ( iv ) ( viii ) ( iii )
( b )  ( i )  ( iv ) ( viii ) ( vi )
( c ) ( vi )  ( v )  ( iv ) ( vii )
( d ) ( v )   ( i )   ( iii )  ( ii )

6. Find out the wrongly matched pair .
( a ) Primary metabolite Ribose
( b ) Secondary metabolite Anthocyanin
( c ) Protein Insulin
( d ) Cellulose Heteropolymer

7 . Consider the following statements and select the correct ones .
( A ) GERL includes Golgi body and lysosomes only .
( B ) Peroxisomes metabolise xenobiotics .
( C ) Polysomes are aggregates of ribosomes .
( D ) Glyoxysomes contain enzymes for B - oxidation of fatty acids .
( a ) A and B only
( b ) B and D only
( c ) A , C and D
( d ) B , C and D

8 . Cellulose , the most important constituent of plant cell wall is a homopolymer consisting of
( a ) unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by alpha - 1,4 glycosidic bonds
( b ) unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by beta - 1,4 glycosidic bonds ( c ) branched chain of glucose molecules linked by alpha - 1,6 glycosidic bonds at the site of branching
( d ) branched chain of glucose molecules mostly linked by beta - 1,4 glycosidic bonds but highly branched by frequent alpha - 1,6 glycosidic bonds .

9. With reference to enzymes , which one of the following statements is true ?
( a ) Apoenzyme = Holoenzyme + Coenzyme
( b ) Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Coenzyme
( c ) Coenzyme = Apoenzyme + Holoenzyme
( d ) Holoenzyme = Coenzyme - Apoenzyme

10. Which of the following observations most strongly support the view that mitochondria contain electron transfer enzymes aggregated into compact associations ?
( a ) A contractile protein capable of utilizing ATP has been obtained from mitochondria .
( b ) Mitochondria have a highly folded inner wall .
( c ) Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments which are able to synthesize ATP .
( d ) Mitochondria in animal embryos have a tendency to concentrate in cells which are to become part of locomotory structures .

11. In the given figure some structures are labelled . Which is the correct labelling for central sheath , radial spoke , interdoublet bridge and central microtubule respectively ?

( a ) F , G , E , A
( b ) D , E , A , B
( c ) F , C , G , E
( d ) D , F , B , C

12. Select the type of enzyme involved in the following reaction :
       S - G + S ' → S + S ' - G
( a ) Dehydrogenase
( b ) Transferase
( c ) Hydrolase
( d ) Lyase

13. Which one of the given graphs shows the effect of pH on the velocity of a typical enzymatic reaction ( V ) ?

14. Cell recognition and adhesion are facilitated by components of plasma membrane . These components are generally
( a ) Glycoprotein only
( b ) Glycolipids only
( c ) Both glycolipids and glycoproteins
( d ) None of the above .

15. Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched ?
( a ) Purines - Adenine and Guanine
( b ) Pyrimidines - Cytosine and Uracil
( c ) Nucleosides - Adenosine and Uridine
( d ) DNA - Basic biomolecule

16. Select the incorrect pair .
         Cell organelle           Function
( a ) Cell wall                -  Structural support
( b ) Central vacuole   -  Storage
( c ) Amyloplast           -  Starch storage
( d ) Plasmodesmata  -  Protection

1../7. Which of the following is correct regarding the structure of a section of ci.lia / flagella ?
Peripheral microtubules     Central microtubules     Radial spokes   Central sheath
( doublets )                              ( singlets )
( a ) 9 + 0                                      2                                         8                         1
( b ) 9 + 2                                    9 + 0                                    9                         1
( c ) 9                                           2                                          9                          1
( d ) 3                                          6                                           9                          1

18. What does A represent in the given diagram of a nucleotide ?

( a ) Glycosidic bond
( b ) Hydrogen bond
( c ) Ester bond
( d ) Ionic bond

19. Match column - I with column - II and select the correct option from the codes given below 
                 Column - I                   Column - II
( A ) Allosteric inhibitor     ( i ) Inactivates an enzyme by denaturing it
( B ) Tertiary structure      ( ii ) Inactivates an enzyme by changing its shape
( C ) Irreversible inhibitor  ( iii ) Produces the active site of an enzyme
( D ) Competitive inhibitor ( iv ) Inactivates an enzyme by occupying its active site
( a ) A- ( ii ) , B- ( iii ) , C- ( i ) , D- ( iv )
( b ) A- ( ii ) , B- ( iii ) , C- ( iv ) , D - ( i )
( c ) A- ( iii ) , B- ( ii ) , C- ( i ) , D- ( iv )
( d ) A- ( iv ) , B- ( iii ) , C- ( i ) , D- ( ii ) 

20. The RER in the cell synthesised a protein which would be later used in building the A plasma membrane . But it is observed that the protein in the membrane is slightly different from the protein made in the RER . The protein was probably modified in another cell organelle . Identify the organelle in the given diagram and select the correct option .

( a ) B
( b ) D
( c ) C
( d ) A

21. Which of the following minerals is needed for the activity of enzymes required for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins ?
( a ) Mn
( b ) Mg
( c ) Cu
( d ) Mo

22. What is true about ribosomes ?
( a ) The prokaryotic ribosomes are 80s , where " S " stands for sedimentation coefficient .
( b ) These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins .
( c ) These are found only in eukaryotic cells .
( d ) These are self - splicing introns of some RNAs .

23. Given below are four structures of nitrogenous bases One of them is incorrect . Identify .

24. Consider the following statements .
A. In prokaryotic cells , a special membranous structure formed by the extension of the plasma membrane into the cell is known as polysome .
B. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site for synthesis of glycoproteins .
C. RuBisCO is the most abundant protein in the whole biospshere .
D. Mitochondria , chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not considered as part of endomembrane system .
Of the above statements
( a ) C and D alone are correct
( b ) A and B alone are correct
( c ) B and C alone are correct
( d ) A and D alone are correct .

25. Read the given statements and select the correct option .
Statement 1 : In prokaryotes mitochondria are absent .
Statement 2 : In prokaryotes mesosomes are present which help in respiration .
( a ) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1 .
( b ) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1 .
( c ) Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect .
( d ) Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect .

26. From the following , select the statement that is true .
( a ) All cells have a cell wall.
( b ) Animal cells contain microtubules but plant cells do not contain microtubules .
( c ) The Golgi apparatus is found only in animal cells .
( d ) Chloroplasts are found in plant cells but not in prokaryotic or animal cells .

27. Which of the following features of plants and animals is best matched in terms of function ?
       Plant feature              Animal feature
( a ) Plasmodesmata         Gap junction
( b ) Chloroplast                  Lysosome
( c ) Cellulose                      Starch
( d ) Chlorophyll                  Retinol

28. Which of these is wrongly matched ?
( a ) Chloroplasts     -     Chlorophyll
( b ) Elaioplasts         -    Starch
( c ) Chromoplasts    -   Carotenoids
( d ) Amyloplasts      -    Carbohydrates

29. Match the following cellular organelles with their functions .
           Column - I                              Column - II
A. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum    ( i ) Makes ATP  
B. Mitochondria                                  ( ii ) Convert cellular polymers to monomers
C. Golgi complex                          ( iii ) Synthesise proteins to be used inside the cell
D. Free ribosomes                      ( iv ) Synthesise proteins to be used outside the cell
E. Lysosomes                               ( v ) Move materials out of the cell
( a ) A B C D E      = ii i v iii iv
( b ) A B C D E      =  iii i ii iv v
( c ) A B C D E      = iv i v iii ii
( d ) A B C D E     =   v iv iii i ii

30. Select the option with correct labelling of given structure of Golgi apparatus .     

          A                B                 C                    D  
( a ) Cisternae    Vesicle      trans face     cis face
( b ) Cisternae    Vesicle       cis face        trans face
( c ) Vesicle         Cisternae   cis face        trans face
( d ) Tubules        Vesicle        trans face      cis face

31. Given diagram represents the ultrastructure of a plant cell . Identify the functions of the organelles labelled as A , B , C , D and E in the diagram

32. Given below is the sequence of the catalytic cycle of an enzyme in a random order . Identify the correct sequence of this cycle and select the correct option .
( i ) Substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme .
( ii ) Enzyme releases the products .
( iii ) Enzyme breaks the chemical bonds of the substrate .
( iv ) Substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape .
( v ) New enzyme - product complex is formed .
( vi ) Enzyme fits more tightly around the substrate .
( vii ) Free enzyme is now available to bind to another molecule of substrate .
( a ) ( i ) , ( iii ) , ( iv ) , ( vi ) , ( ii ) , ( v ) , ( vii )
( b ) ( i ) , ( vi ) , ( iv ) , ( v ) , ( iii ) , ( vii ) , ( ii )
( c ) ( i ) , ( iv ) , ( vi ) , ( iii ) , ( v ) , ( ii ) , ( vii )
( d ) ( vii ) , ( iv ) , ( vi ) , ( iii ) , ( ii ) , ( v ) , ( i )

33. Given below is the diagram of a chloroplast . In which one of the given options all the four parts A , B , C and D are labelled correct ?

           A                   B                        C                           D
( a )  Stroma - Granum  - Grana thylakoid -  Stroma thylakoid
( b ) Cytoplasm - Stroma thylakoid - Granum  - Matrix
( c ) Stroma  - Thylakoid  - Granum  - Inner membrane
( d ) Matrix  - Granum  - Stroma thylakoid  - Stroma

34. Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids . They fold into compact structures , these folded structures associate to form dimers . Which of the following refers to this associated form ?
( a ) Denatured state
( b ) Molecular aggregation
( c ) Secondary structure
( d ) Quaternary ructure

35. The diagram shows have different structures that can be observed in cells . Which structures would be present in large quantities in a cell that is actively synthesising an extracellular lipid ?

( a ) 1 , 2 , 4 and 5
( b ) 1,3 and 4
( c ) 2,3 and 5
( d ) 3 , 4 and 5

36. The photo electron micrographs show early and late stages in the development of the cell wall in a young plant cell .
Which statement describes the events leading to the development of the cell wall ?

( a ) Complex carbohydrates assembled in the Golgi body are exported to the cell wall by the Golgi vesicles .
( b ) Enzymes in the cell surface membrane synthesise the cell wall components from soluble carbohydrates brought by the Golgi vesicles .
( c ) Glycoproteins are exported to the cell wall and synthesised into wall components by the Endoplasmic reticulum .
( d ) Ribosomes synthesise glycoproteins that are exported by Golgi vesicles to be used in the cell wall .

37. Which group of structures would be clearly seen in a suitably stained plant cell under the light microscope ?
( a ) Chloroplasts , mitochondria , nuclei and  ribosomes
( b ) Chloroplasts , nuclei , starch grains and vacuole
( c )  Endoplasmic reticulum , Golgi apparatus , mitochondria and nuclei
( d ) Endoplasmic reticulum , ribosomes , starch grains and vacuole

38. The flow diagram shows a technique called cell fractionation used to separate cell organelles by their relative size . Cells are homogenised and mixed with buffer to prepare them for cell fractionation . The diagram shows the appearance of the homogenised cell mixture .

39. Match the biological molecules listed under column I with their biological functions given under column II ; choose the answer which gives correct combination of alphabets of the two columns .
Column I ( Biological molecules )       Column II ( Functions )
A. Starch                               P. Protein synthesis
B. Haemoglobin                   q . Sex hormone
C. RNA                                    r . Storage product
D. Steroid                               S. Transport of gases
( a ) A = s ; B = r ; C = p ; D = q
( b ) A = r ; B = s ; C = q ; D = p
( c ) A = r ; B = p ; C = s ; D = q
( d ) A = r ; B = s ; C = p ; D = q

40. A substance unrelated to the substrate that reversibly changes the activity of an enzyme by binding at a site other than the active site is known as
( a ) competitive inhibitor
( b ) non - competitive inhibitor
( c ) allosteric modulator
( d ) catalytic inhibitor .

41. Detoxification of lipid soluble drugs and other harmful compounds , in endoplasmic reticulum is carried out by
( a ) cytochrome P450
( b ) cytochrome bf
( c ) cytochrome c
( d ) cytochrome a₁ - a3 .

42. The curve given below shows the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction in relation to two conditions pH , and temperature .
What do the two axises ( x and y ) represent ?

       x - axis                            y - axis
( a ) Enzymatic activity       pH
( b ) Temperature                 Reaction velocity
( c ) Temperature                 pH
( d ) Enzymatic activity       Temperature

43. The figure given below shows the conversion of a substrate into product by an enzyme . In which one of the four options the components of reaction labelled as A , B , C and D are identified correctly ?

44. Larger subunit of the ribosome helps in producing
( a ) gyrase
( b ) topoisomerase
( c ) peptidyl transferase
( d ) RNA polymerase .

45. Who invented electron microscope ?
( a ) Janssen
( b ) Edison
( c ) Knoll & Ruska

( d ) Landsteiner. 

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Ans key

1. D, 2.A, 3.C, 4.D, 5.A, 6.D, 7.D, 8.B, 9.B, 10.C, 11.B, 12.B, 13.C, 14.D, 15.A, 16.D, 17.C, 18.C, 19.A, 20.B, 21.A, 22.B, 23.C, 24.A, 25.B, 26.D, 27.A, 28.B, 29.C, 30.A, 31.B, 32.C, 33.A, 34.D, 35.C, 36.A, 37B, 38.C, 39.D, 40.C, 41.A, 42.B 43.B, 44.C, 45.C

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